Brand equity

by Lisa 


Since the emergence of the marketing concept of brand equity in the 1980s, many nuances and theory on the term has evolved. Before, it was recognized as a financial and economic measurement of brand value; whereas today researchers believe also that the consumers contribute in brand’s value creation. 

The Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) places the customer’s mindset in the center of brand equity. Brand knowledge and brand loyalty are essential elements for this kind of approach on brand equity. Brand knowledge itself includes the customers’ awareness of brands and the brand image, i.e. associations they have when confronted with that brand. Brand loyalty reflects customers' tendency to repeat purchases even in appearance of competitors offering products superior in price or features. Some researcher extend the CBBE model with the element of 'perceived quality' or other important  proprietary brand assets depending on the typ of brand. Customers decide what to buy, so ultimately it is in their discretion whether or not a brand is successful. In order to increase sales it is therefore necessary to create confidence in the brand and establish unique association. This in turn will result in improved financial standing of the company.


For Swatch the developed CBBE:

Sources: 
Aaker, D. A., (1991). Managing brand equity: Capitalizing on the value of a brand name (1st ed.), New York, USA: The Free Press. 

Keller, K. L., (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, managing customer-based brand equity, Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1-22. 

Keller, K.L., (2008). Strategic Brand Management, Building, Measuring and Managing Brand Equity, 3.Edition, Part I, 2-42, Part III, 288-290

The Swatch building blocks

By Guillaume


ATTRIBUTES : Rational product features

·      Gives you time

·      Low price

·      Resistant

·      Waterproof

FUNCTIONAL BENEFITS : rational expectations as a result of using the brand

·      Being on time

·      Wear it anywhere

EMOTIONAL REWARDS : emotional benefits expected form using the brand

·      Being cool

·      Being trendy

·      Differenciate/express yourself

VALUE FOR USERS : what the users of the brand care about most

·      Style

·      Low cost

·      High quality (made in Switzelrand)

PERSONALITY : the image of the brand expressed in human characteristics

·      Young

·      Playful

·      Funny

·      Passionate

·      Creative

ESSENCE : the enduring soul of the brand. The single idea that fuses the key emotional and functional roles of the brand.

·      Time can be fun

The Model:

The brand building blocks : source Peter Dyson

Brand Emotions - (S)watch out for Fun and Excitment!

by Lisa
 

„I understood that we were not selling a consumer product, or even a branded product. We were selling an emotional product.“

(Nicolas Hayek, cofounder & chairman of the board of directors Swatch group)

Beyond doubt, the key to understand the nearly two-decade success story of Swatch is the ability to transform the purpose of a watch from timekeeping to emotion. Swatch did not invent emotional design, but it is a real challenge to find a better example of how emotional design can impact the success of a product, organization, industry and even a country. By engaging buyers to multiple watch ownership to change the model to match mood, activity or even time of the day, Swatch turned a low price essential into a high-order fashion accessory loaded with feelings and expressions.

In theory, brand feelings are customer’s emotional responses and reactions to the brand. These feelings can be mild or intense, positive or negative. Six important types of brand-building feelings can be defined: Warmth, Fun, Excitement as well as Security, Social approval and Self-respect.

“Add genuine emotion to the product” (Hayek)

Applying the theory into practice for the Swatch brand, it seems obvious that the first three, so called experiential and immediate brand feelings, are most relevant.  The feeling of fun and excitement are incardinated by product design and brand communication. Thus, differentiate from competitors and increase the level of brand experience intensity. Swatch is fun, consumers feel amused, lighthearted, joyous and cheerful. Swatch creates excitement, energizing consumers and  let them experiencs something special. Excitement generates a sense of “being a live”, being cool and sexy.

The last three key feelings are characterized as private and enduring, increasing in level of gravity. Concerning the emotion Swatch evokes, the social approval can be taken into account. By wearing a Swatch watch, the consumer becomes part of a trend conscious community receiving acknowledgement by others for being fashionable and cool. Swatch has its own successful growing members club  (http://www.swatchtheclub.com/index_home.php) and around 600000 Fans on facebook.

Sources:
Avery, G., Bell,A., Hilb, M., Witte, A.E., (2004) Understanding leadership: paradigms and cases, London, p.264-266
Donald A. Norman, D.A., (2004) Emotional Design: why we love (or hate) everyday things ,New York, p. 67 
Franzen, G. & Moriarty S., (2009) The Science and Art of Branding von Giep Franzen,Sandra Moriarty, New York, p.92

Keller, K.L., (2008), Strategic brand management: building, measuring, and managing brand equity, p. 69-71

Lindwell, W., & Manacsa (2009),Deconstructing Product Design: Exploring the Form, Function, Usability ..., S.96

www.swatch.com

Pictures:

http://trendland.net/swatch-colour-codes-contest-favorite-mag/#

http://fashionolic.blogspot.com/2008/05/swatch-springsummer-ad-campaign.html

http://www.ftape.com/media/?p=28022 

10 Specific Criteria to Help Understand the Value of the Brand

By Julia

1. Commitment

Swatch attracts many committed collectors and passionate fans. In general Swatch represents differentiation, simplicity and high value for low price.

2. Protection

The brand name and designs are protected by intellectual property rights.

3. Clarity

Even though Swatch's customer base is extremely wide, the brand is clearly definable and positioned.

4. Responsiveness

Swatch is able to adapt the changes in the market. In case of recession, Swatch watches are generally affordable and even low price. in case it seems the consumers are ready to invest more on their watch, Swatch offers dress watches for up to $370. Swatch offers a watch for everyone.

5. Authenticity

As a Swiss watch brand, Swatch can be described as authentic. Even the brand logo point out the Swiss heritage, which definitely affects on the value of the brand. Swatch surely has loyal customers for decades due to their high quality and renewable collections.

6. Relevance to customer needs

The product selection of Swatch is extremely relevant for any consumer. An added value is created with the quality, simplicity and affordable price, which reflects from customer needs.

7. Clear messages

Watches are pretty simple products, and Swatch is keeping low profile with the technicality, which helps Swatch to communicate about their products. Swatch is able to communicate very clearly and consumer are able to recognize the brand wherever it appears.

8. Duration

Swatch has been able to communicate consistently over the years. This far Swatch hasn't faced any scandals. On the other hand the ongoing "Playground" campaign with MTV brings constant publicity and visibility to Swatch.

9. Presence

Swatch is not remarkably present in the social media. On the other hand, the strategical locations of the boutiques and high visible campaigns such as the "Playground" guarantees that the brand won't be forgotten.

10. Differentiation

The highly creative but simple product range of Swatch has created the distinctive brand image for Swatch. The brand is one of a kind and the computing low-cost brands have not been able to create such community and hype around their watches.

Sources: www.swatch.com, www.swatchandbeyond.com

Six Brand Elements

By Julia

Memorability

In order to gain customers the conumers must be aware of the brand. A memorable brand will definitly strenghten brand awereness. Memorable brand must be recognizable as well as easily recalled. A distictive brand name or a logo helps a potential customer to associate your specific product and services to your brand. Swatch is a playful name as it combines the words Swiss and Watch. It actually stands out of the crowded watch market and it is very easy to remember. 

Meaningfulness

Based on many assumptions, a brand should literally represent the products or the services of the company. The logo or the name should indicate or at least hint what the company is all about. On the other hand, the brand could be linked somehow to their typical customer instead of their products. 

Swatch is a playful name as it combines the words Swiss and Watch. Its is easy to associate the brand with the product and anyone who hears about the brand could tell they are doing watches. The logo is very simple but distinctive. The Swiss flag represent quality and the know-how of Swiss watchmaking.

Likability

Aesthetically pleasant communication is very often appealing to the consumers. Of course it is depending on the target audience and also the product range, but in general people want to see fun and interesting communication. Swatch is very careful with their communication and in general their communication is very consistent. Swatch has a very positive image, which increases the likability of the brand. Swatch can awake positive and neutral opinions, but very rarely provokes consumers.

Transferability

When building a brand, one must consider the chance that later on the company will do a line or category extensions. In order to do that, the brand must be transferable. The company might also be expanding to other counries and cultures, when a specific element of the brand can challenge or even prevent expanding the operations. Swatch has proven to be very transferable, as the brand exist all around the planet.

Adaptable

In a long run, any brand element might reguire little tweaking and updating. When we look at the logo of Pepsi, it has been remade several times, respecting the original logo. In any case, the brand must stay relevant through the years.

Swatch logo has maintained the same throughout all the years. The logo has seen some international adaptations, but the official logo has not changed. The simple but distinctive logo is rather adaptable, but this far the market hasn't required any changes.

Protectability

The brand elements should be protectable in legal as well as in competititve sense. In case the company goes international, there is even more legal protection and registrations to be considered. Protectability is not only about the legal actions, but also protectability concering the competitors, meaning can the conpetitors legally adapt to your brand and in that way devrease your value in the market. The Swatch logo and brand is registered and as a part of a big and powerful group, Swatch is properly legally protected.

Source: Lane Keller, K. 2008. Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity. 3rd edition. New Jersey. Pearson Education.

Identity Prism - Swatch has Character!

By Lisa

Swatch is more than just a colorful plastic wristwatch. The brand has character - a strong identity that is essential for differentiation and customer identification.

But what is brand identity made of?

Kapferer has developed a brand identity prism where he distinguishes a sender and recipient side. In addition, an externalisation and internalisation perspective is included. The 6 identity facets express the tangible and intangible characteristics of the brand and give it a unique legitimacy of values and benefits.

First of all, a brad has physical specificities such as color, form and brand qualities. Physics is the starting point of branding and therefore functions as the brand’s backbone.

A brand has personality, an internal intangible facet. The way in which it speaks of its products o shows what kind of person it would be if it were human.

A brand is a culture. “There is no cult brand without a culture” (Kapferer, 2007, 184). It is the set of values feeding the brand’s inspiration.

A Brand is a relationship. An exterior facet – the way a brand connect to its customers.

A brand is a customer reflection. The target outwards mirror – reflecting the consumer as he or she wishes to be seen as a result of using the brand.

Finally, a brand speaks to our self-image. Reflecting the customer attitude towards the brand. The target internal mirror- customers develop a inner relationship with themselves.  

Based on the presented theory, a unique identity prism for Swatch can be developed:

Sources:
Kapferer J.N., 2008, The new strategic brand management, 3. Edition, 182-187  

 Joachimthaler ,E., & Aaker, D.A, Havard Business Review, Jan-Feb 1997, http://users.homebase.dk/~kar/Building_brands_without_mass_media.pdf

http://www.brandchannel.com/features_webwatch.asp?ww_id=346